The trial was as realistic as possible and was staggered over a year to account for seasonal variations in driving patterns. 2,200 subjects participated over four periods, where two of the periods were tests for 11 weeks, and then there were two control periods.
About the trial
The trial was for passenger cars, and a select group of 2,200 citizens participated in the trial.
DTU and Sund & Bælt are working together on the trial, which started in November 2023 and ended in July 2025. This is followed by an analysis and evaluation.
DTU is responsible for the design of the trial, including the preparation of tariffs. There will be tariffs for peak and off-peak times and for zones in Aarhus, Copenhagen, and the rest of Denmark.
The trial will be evaluated on the basis of:
Experience
Participants’ experience of the different types of tolls and the user-friendliness of the technology
Behaviour
Driving and payment behaviour in the different toll systems
Administration
Experience with administration, including communication, systems, billing, and customer service
Two toll systems are being trialled
Two toll systems are being tested in the trial:
Kilometre-based tolls
With this system, you pay for kilometres driven. Those participating in the trial will use an app to record the distance they drive. An advantage of this system is that the toll for an entire trip is fixed and known in advance. In the toll zones the payment tariffs will be between DKK 0.5 and DKK 3.25 per kilometer.
Minute-based tolls
With this system, you pay for the time spent driving. An advantage of this system is that it is simpler to implement. In the toll zones the payment tariffs will be between DKK 0.5 and DKK 2 per minute.
The trial – questions and answers
Can the results of the trial be used in reality?
Can the results of the trial be used in reality?
The trial is designed to be as close to reality as possible to ensure that the results provide the best possible basis for assessing the impact of road tolls in Denmark. After the trial, the results from the 2,200 participants will be used to assess the expected impact of a full-scale implementation.